Thyroid & Blood Disorders

Thyroid Disorders affect the thyroid gland, which produces hormones that regulate metabolism, energy levels, and growth. Common thyroid disorders include hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), where the thyroid doesn’t produce enough hormones, and hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), where the thyroid produces too much. Symptoms of hypothyroidism can include fatigue, weight gain, depression, and cold intolerance, while hyperthyroidism may cause weight loss, rapid heart rate, anxiety, and heat intolerance. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder that leads to hypothyroidism, while Graves’ disease is an autoimmune condition that causes hyperthyroidism. Thyroid disorders are diagnosed with blood tests that measure thyroid hormone levels (T3, T4) and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH). Treatment often involves hormone replacement therapy for hypothyroidism or medications, radioactive iodine, or surgery for hyperthyroidism. Managing thyroid health is important to prevent complications like heart disease, osteoporosis, and fertility issues.

Blood Disorders refer to a range of conditions that affect the blood’s ability to function properly. These include anemia, where there is a shortage of red blood cells or hemoglobin, leading to fatigue, pale skin, and shortness of breath. Hemophilia is a genetic disorder that impairs blood clotting, leading to excessive bleeding even from minor injuries. Sickle cell disease is another genetic disorder that causes red blood cells to become misshapen and block blood flow, resulting in pain and organ damage. Leukemia, a type of blood cancer, affects white blood cells and can interfere with the body’s ability to fight infections. Blood disorders are diagnosed through blood tests such as the complete blood count (CBC) and specific tests for clotting factors or hemoglobin levels. Treatment varies depending on the disorder and can include medications, blood transfusions, bone marrow transplants, or chemotherapy. Early detection and management are essential to improving outcomes and quality of life.