Hypertension & Diabetes

Hypertension is a condition in which the force of the blood against the walls of the arteries is consistently too high, increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, and kidney damage. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg), with a normal reading being around 120/80 mmHg. Hypertension is diagnosed when blood pressure readings consistently exceed 130/80 mmHg. Often referred to as the “silent killer,” hypertension typically has no noticeable symptoms, which is why regular monitoring is essential. Risk factors for hypertension include age, family history, high salt intake, lack of physical activity, and obesity. Treatment may involve lifestyle changes such as diet, exercise, reducing alcohol intake, and medications to control blood pressure.

Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects how the body processes blood sugar (glucose). There are two main types: Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body does not produce insulin, while Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body either resists the effects of insulin or does not produce enough insulin. High blood sugar levels can lead to serious complications like heart disease, nerve damage, kidney problems, and vision loss. The condition is often diagnosed through blood tests such as fasting blood glucose or HbA1c tests. Managing diabetes typically involves lifestyle changes, including a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and medication or insulin therapy to regulate blood sugar levels. Regular monitoring is crucial to avoid complications and maintain overall health.